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1336¡«1405Äê
Timur
orTamburlaineTurkic conqueror of Islamic faith whose conquests reached from India and Russia to the Mediterranean Sea. Born near Samarqand, he settled in Transoxania (modern Uzbekistan) after taking part in campaigns there with Genghis Khan's son Chagatai. (Timur Lenk, or Tamerlane, means ¡°Timur the Lame,¡± reflecting the battle wounds he received.) Through machinations and treachery he took over Transoxania and proclaimed himself the restorer of the Mongol empire. In the 1380s he began his conquest of Persia, taking Khorasan and eastern Persia in 1383-85 and western Persia as far as Mesopotamia and Georgia in 1386-94. He occupied Moscow for a year. When revolts broke out in Persia, he ruthlessly suppressed them, massacring the populations of whole cities. In 1398 he invaded India, leaving a trail of carnage. Next he marched on Damascus and Baghdad, deporting the artisans of the former to Samarkand and destroying all the monuments of the latter. In 1404 he prepared to march on China but died early in the march. Though Timur strove to make Samarkand the most splendid city in Asia, he himself preferred to be always on the move. His most lasting memorials are the architectural monuments of Samarkand and the dynasty he established, under which Samarkand became a center of scholarship and science.