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Schubert, Franz Peter

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Schubert, Franz Peter

Austrian composer. He learned violin from his schoolteacher father and piano from his brother. He joined the precursor of the Vienna Boys Choir (1808), making such quick progress that A. Salieri undertook to guide his training (1810-16). At his family's insistence, he was trained as a schoolteacher. That same year, his first mass was performed, and he composed his first important songs. In 1815 he wrote two symphonies, more than 100 songs, and four stage works. In 1818, seeking independence, he quit teaching at his father's school to tutor Johann Esterh¨¢zy's daughters. In 1819-20 he wrote the great ¡°Trout¡± Quintet and a mass. In 1821, 20 of his most popular songs were published with great success, and he wrote the opera Alfonso und Estrella. His amazing production continued in 1822, despite his first awareness of the disease (possibly syphilis) that would kill him, with the Unfinished Symphony and the ¡°Wanderer¡± Fantasy. He was often ill during his last five years, but continued his production of music, including the song cycles Die sch?ne M¨¹llerin and Winterreise, the last three piano sonatas, and the ¡°Great C Major¡± Symphony. His last years were made miserable by illness, not poverty; in fact, his greatness was widely recognized. He died at 31, having produced more masterpieces by that age than almost any other composer in history. His 600 songs made the lied a serious genre and sparked its great development in subsequent decades.