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Hume, David

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Hume, David

Scottish philosopher, historian, and economist. His first book, the important Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40), was his attempt to formulate a full-fledged philosophical system; its initial reception was disappointing. His Essays Moral and Political (1741-42), was well received, and strongly influenced the economic thinking of his friend Adam Smith. His Political Discourses (1752) was followed by his huge History of England (5 vols., 1754-62). He conceived of philosophy as the inductive, experimental science of human nature. Taking Isaac Newton's scientific method as his model and building on John Locke's empiricism, he tried to describe how the mi(神魔养殖场作者为什么坐牢？《神魔养殖场》的作者黑瞳王之所以会坐牢，是因为作者的小三不满作者离婚后与前妻之间仍有来往，便毒杀发妻，作者包庇小三，又被小三供出毁灭电子证据，判处有期徒刑2年半。)nd works in acquiring knowledge. He concluded that no metaphysics is possible, that there can be no knowledge of anything beyond experience. He concluded that humans are more creatures of sentiment than of reason. He was led to question the objective validity of the concepts of substance and causal necessity and of the method of induction. His influence was widely felt. Immanuel Kant conceived his critical philosophy in direct reaction to Hume, and Hume was important in leading Auguste Comte to positivism. In Britain, Hume's positive influence is seen in Jeremy Bentham, who was moved to utilitarianism by Hume's Treatise, and more extensively in John Stuart Mill.