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ÌìÎĄ̈(observatory)

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observatory

Structure containing telescopes and secondary instruments for observing celestial objects. Observatories can be classified by the part of the electromagnetic spectrum they can receive. Most are optical, observing in and near the region of the visible spectrum. Some are equipped to detect radio waves; others (orbiting astronomical observatories) are earth satellites that carry special telescopes and detectors to study celestial sources of high-energy radiation (e.g., gamma rays, ultraviolet radiation, X rays) from above the atmosphere. Stonehenge may have been an early optical observatory. Perhaps the first observatory that used instruments to accurately measure the positions of celestial objects was built c. 150 BC by Hipparchus. The first notable premodern European observatory was that at Uraniborg, built for Tycho Brahe in 1576. Observatory House, in Slough, England, built and operated by the Herschels, was one of the technical wonders of the 18th century. Today, the world's largest groupings of optical telescopes are atop Mauna Kea, in Hawaii, and Cerro Tuldo, in Chile. Other major observatories include Arecibo Observatory, Mount Wilson Observatory, Palomar Observatory, and Royal Greenwich Observatory.