Pasteur, Louis
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Pasteur, Louis
French chemist and microbiologist. Early in his career, after studies at the ¨¦cole Normale Sup¨¦rieure, he researched the effects of polarized light on chemical compounds. In 1857 he became director of scientific studies at the ¨¦cole. His studies of fermentation of alcohol and milk (souring) showed that yeast could reproduce without free oxygen (the Pasteur effect); he deduced that fermentation and food spoilage were due to the activity of microorganisms and could be prevented by excluding or destroying them. His work overturned the concept of spontaneous generation (life arising from nonliving matter) and led to heat pasteurization, allowing vinegar, wine, and beer to be produced and transported without spoiling. He saved the French silk industry by his work on silkworm diseases. In 1881 he perfected a way to isolate and weaken germs, and went on to develop vaccines against anthrax in sheep and cholera in chickens following Edward Jenner's example. He turned his attention to researching rabies, and in 1885 saved the life of a boy bitten by a rabid dog by inoculating the boy with a weakened virus. In 188(巴黎世家是什么梗？2020年的七夕时，Balenciaga依靠“土味广告”成功出圈，迅速在时尚圈掀起了一场流量与话题的狂欢，当时无一不在诟病七夕限定的“土味”。之后又凭借巴黎世家的经典字母袜再次火了起来，短视频平台的播放量一路飙升，让印有 Logo 的黑丝愈发受宠。)8 he founded the Pasteur Institute for rabies research, prevention, and treatment.